(den-DRO-bee-um) genus has always been held in high esteem by orchidists throughout the world, and is one of the finest groups of orchids from the Old World. There are an estimated 1100 species of dendrobiums. This high number makes them the second largest genus in the orchid family. The largest genus is presently the strange and intriguing genus
. The genus
is probably the most diverse of the order Orchidales. Members of the genus vary tremendously in plant and flower form and size, not to mention flower color and fragrance. Plants are distributed in the wild from sea level lands or river banks to high elevation rain forests or snowy mountain ranges, in a range from the lower Himilayas, into southern India, through Burma then eastward to southern China; from Korea to Japan and south through the Ryukyu archipelago to Taiwan; from Thailand, Laos, Viet Nam, and Cambodia through Malaysia to the Philippines; and from Indonesia, eastward to Papua New Guinea, then south to Australia and New Zealand and east through Melanesia to Polynesia. The largest collection of species exists in New Guinea, where more than 400 species occur. The dendrobium are the most important members of the subtribe Dendrobiinae, which they share with related species in the smaller and lesser-known genera
was established in 1799, by the Swedish botanist Olaf Swartz. The genus description appeared in
Volume 6. Only about a half dozen species were known at that time. Most of the then known species, which were moved into the new genus, had been placed earlier in two genera, established in 1790 by Joao Loureiro. The displaced genus Ceraia passed from use, while the second displaced genus Callista was later relegated to sectional status in the genus
. While erecting the genus, Swartz described nineteen (19) new species into the genus. The original type species for the genus was
Swartz. In 1979, the genus was retypified because Dendrobium crumenatum was not included in the paper establishing the genus. The retypification established a new type species for the genus,
, which had originally been described by Carl von Linne in 1753. The new type species had been originally placed in the genus
(1753). When Swartz erected the Dendrobium genus, he moved
into it .
(life)- tree life, which is an apt description for these epiphytic plants which exist by clinging to the branches and trunks of host trees. The
use tree surfaces for support only. The roots of the dendrobiums do not penetrate as do the roots of parasitic plants . In this situation, dendrobiums thrive on the humidity rising from the jungle floor, the frequent rains, and on the meagre nourishment obtained from old leaves and other debris collected in crevices of the host trees.
were among the first orchids to be hybridized, a practice which began in the mid 1800s. The largest number of hybrids have been in the Nobile group and the Phalaenopsis group.
Dendrobiums can generally be handled as cattleya during the growing season with night temperatures in the 6O-65 °F (15-18 ° Celsius) range; growing season in the northern hemisphere occurs from April-October. Good light, air circulation, and drainage are essential for successful culture here. Regardless, should your plants not flower in the first season, try moving them to a different location in the growing area to give more or less light, warmer or cooler temperatures or more air circulation.
Where a resting or dormant period is recommended, reduce the frequency of watering enough to prevent severe dehydration or shriveling of the pseudobulbs. Occasional misting may be adequate to maintain the plant while inducing the dormancy which preceeds flowering. Do not fertilize during the dormant or resting period.
Horticulturally, Dendrobiums are often grouped by the conditions necessary to bring them into flowering. Most authors recognize six distinct horticultural groups, as follows:
THE NOBILE GROUP Examples-------
nobile, chrysanthum, devonlanum, topaziacum, and
their hybrids.
Plants of this group are deciduous and require minimum night temperatures of 50 -55 ° F. (10 -13° Celsius) from late fall through their winter flowering. By the end of summer, stop applying fertilizers containing nitrogen; use of slow release fertilizer is inappropriate for mature or flowering-size plants. with the arrival of shorter days and cooler night temperatures in early October, reduce watering volume and frequency (only enough to preclude severe shriveling of the peeudobulbs). The interaction of these factors will create the dormancy which ultimately induces flowering. New growth usually appears as the flower buds mature; at that time watering and fertilizing regimes may be gradually resumed.
THE ANOSMUM GROUP Examples ------
anosmum, friedericksianum, heterocarpum, lituiflorum, parishii, pierardii, primulinum, aggregatum , jenkinsii, and their hybrids .
Most of these are deciduous, the exceptions being aggregatum and jenkinsii. Recommended culture for these is similar to that of the Nobile Group. However, fall-winter night temperatures may be slightly higher, i.e. 55-60° F (13 -15° Celsius). Begin the dormancy treatment as the new growth is completed in the fall. Some of these species may not flower until late spring. New growth usually begins when flowering is complete.
THE FARMERI GROUP Examples ------
chrysotoxum, densiflorum, farmeri, thyrsiflorum and their hybrids.
These are evergreen species which should not experience dormancy during the year. However, the plants should be moved to a cooler house during the fall, preferably with 50 -55° F. (10° -13° Celsius) night temperatures. In our experience, the cooler night temperature requirement may be replaced in part by growing plants slightly drier during the fall-winter seasons without permitting them to completely dry out as in dormancy.
THE FORMOSUM GROUP Examples -----
dearei, formosum, infundibulum, jamesianum, and their hybrids
These evergreen species can be grown as cattleyas; however the best flowering response results from exposure to winter night temperatures of 55 - 60° F. (13 -15 ° Celsius). Also, be cautious not to overwater just as new growth is completed. Perfect drainage is absolutely necessary. These species like copious amounts of water during new growth, but will not tolerate wet roots for extended periods.
THE 'CANE TYPE' GROUP Examples -------
canaliculatum, d'albertisll, discolor, gouldii, johannis, ostrinoglossum, schulleri, stratiotes, strebloceras, taurinum, and their hybrids .
Although plants of these species are not always available, Interesting hybrids from these types are the most popular among orchidists everywhere. These evergreens should be grown as cattleyas year 'round, but avoid temperatures below 60 ° F (15 ° Celsius). In fact the plants often produce growth and flowers year 'round, partially explaining their popularity. The flowers of many contemporary 'cane-type' hybrids are relatively large, long-lasting, and are available in a wide range of colors.
THE PHALAENOPSIS GROUP Examples ----
bigibbum, phalaenopsis, superbiens, dicuphum , and their
hybrids
Also evergreen, these species and their hybrids should be kept warm all year and grown under cattleys conditions. As with other dendrobiums, care must be exercised in not overwatering between flowering and appearance of new growth. Misting may not be adequate to maintain the plant during this period. Do not expose these plants to temperatures below 60° F (15 °Celsius). It is not unusual for these plants to lose some leaves during the year.
POTTING MEDIUM. FERTILIZER. CONTAINERS
Use a well-drained potting medium such as tree fern, fir bark, charcoal or stone to grow dendrobiums. You may also use osmunda, tree fern, or cork plaques/slabs. In any case, repot only as frequently as may be necessary to keep the potting medium fresh, avoiding severe decomposition which impairs drainage and air circulation in the root zone.
Select a fertilizer formula based on the type of potting medium being used: 20-20-20 for tree fern, osmunda and cork; or 30-10-10 for fir bark, charcoal, and stone.
TIPS
When repotting is necessary, accomplish the task when your plants are in growth. At that time, dead or nonfunctional bulbs may be removed. Be certain, of course, to retain enough physical structure to keep the plant strong. Remember that leafless bulbs still serve as storage facilities for food and water. Osmocote (slow release) fertilizer may be sparingly applied to the surface of the potting medium during the growing season to promote vigorous growth when plants are given high light intensity.
. As can be seen, cultural requirements are variable; therefore, we strongly recommend careful research to obtain as much specific information as possible regarding the peculiar needs of each type. Please consider the suggestion list under
Recommended Reading below.
RECOMMENDED READING
Home Orchid Growing, by Rebecca Northen
Orchids & How to Grow Them, by Gloria Jean Sessler
Orchid Care, by Walter Richter
Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids, by Alex D. Hawkes
Growing Orchids, Book Three. by J. N. Rentoul
Dendrobium Orchids of Australia, by Walter T. Upton
All About Orchids, by Charles Marden Fitch
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids, by Alec Pridgeon
NOMENCLATURE
Nigrohirsuta ( now Formosae ) originated with John Lindley, in his
Folia Orchidacea ( 1859:16) as a subsection to Section VII in his Eudendrobium . Each species, in this section, according to Lindley, was "distinguished by the presence of short black hairs on the young stems".
In l890, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, in his
Flora of British India, Orchideae (1890: 710), used the sectional name
Formosae for the group. He also added six more taxa to the section.
Fritz W. L. Kraenzlin in his
Das Pflanzenreich (1910 : 85 ) , raised the
Nigrohirsuta to subgenus level . He also moved an additional 26 taxa into his new subgenus.
In l912, Friedrich F. R. Schlechter revised the genus
Dendrobium, in
Orchis ( l912:448 ). He placed
Nigrohirsuta into his section
Oxygenianthe and broaden the descriptive characteristics for
Nigrohirsuta. He recognized 28 taxa in the section, as India (1), Sikkim (1), Yunnan (1), Assam (1), Burma, VietNam and Malaysia (12), Borneo (8), and The Philippines (3).
Dr. F. G. Brieger, in his
39. subtribus: Dendrobiinae, In Schlechter,
Die Orchideen, 3 ed ( 1981:694 ) revised Schlechter's revision. This attempt has not been widely accepted, and Schlechter's effort is still the widely accepted standard. Brieger accepted Lindley's epithet; however, he dropped the sub section status, leaving Nigrohirsuta as a Section in the genus Dendrobium.
Gunnar Seidenfaden, in his
Orchid Genera in Thailand XII, Dendrobium Sw (1985: 178) places
Formosae prior to
Nigrohirsuta as the correct Section name. He based his rename on the description of the section appearing in
Genera Plantarum (1883:500) by George Bentham and Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. Lindley listed
Dendrobium formosum as the first taxon in his
Nigrohirsuta Section, but he did not describe it to the section as the type specimen. Under current rules of nomenclature, Bentham and Hooker's later, but properly published description then becomes the first validly published sectional description with described type specimen.
Seidenfaden, in support of his re name of the section, indicates other Dendrobiums have dark hairs, but because of other overriding characteristics belong in other sections. While some in the group have limited hairiness, sometimes only on young shoots ( ie,
Dendrobium dearei ). Seidenfaden believes Lindley's sectional status should be maintained for the group. Seidenfaden recognizes 35 taxa, from mainland Asia, Borneo, and the Philippines.
The number of taxa belonging to the section
Formosae varies in the literature, due to several taxa, which some authors consider synonymous to each other. My research located 36 taxa, which I have used in this paper. A taxonomic discussion of these taxa is well beyond the scope of my paper and my ability. In addition, several of these taxa have been used in hybridization activities, as well as been given American Orchid Society awards in their individual names.
Nomenclature wise, most of the species in the
Formosae section have been very stable. Most have not suffered the trials of several name changes and movement from genus or section as many orchids have. The distinctive brown or black hair covered leaf sheaths has always been the deciding factor to leave most species where they were first placed.
HYBRIZATION EFFORTS
To the orchid hybridizers, members of the
Nigrohirsutae (now Formosae) offer several appealing characteristics, such as:
1) Many are Summer bloomers, when most other Orchids are bloomed out.
2) Many have a pleasant fragrance, which is often passed to their progeny.
3) Compact growth habit, which is also often passed to their progeny.
4) Some of the species possess yellow, green, and red colorations, which are
passed to their progeny.
5) Their flowers are long lasting, which is often passed on to their progeny.
Most flowers last up to six weeks, some even longer. Even the paper thin
white flowers, of Den. formosum and Den. infundibulum, last a month
or more.
6) Some are definite cool growers, but the majority are adapted to
immediate/warm growing conditions.
7) The naturally warm growing species impart warmth tolerance to their
progeny, when bred to cooler growers.
8) Many of the resulting progeny are rapid growers, soon blooming within
three years out of the flasks.
With all these desirable attributes it is surprising, it has taken so long for serious intrasectional and intersectional hybridizing to get started in a serious manner. The literature research located 126 registered hybrids, with Formosae in the ancestral line. Of these 126 hybrids, 64 were intrasectional ( 100% Formosae ) and 62 were intersectional ( with other Dendrobium sections). Surprisingly, for the length of time some Formosae species have been in cultivation, very little hybridization activity took place until the last fifteen years. The first 100% Nigro hirsute cross was made in 1856. From 1856 until 1981, only 18 other intra-sectional (pure) grexes were registered. When one discounts the hybrids of the "dearei complex" from the total, only ten pure hybrids were registered in 125 years;however, the next eleven years saw 45 pure hybrids registered. In other words, 70% of all intra-sectional hybrids have been registered since 1983. Of this number, only four hybrids were in the "dearei complex" .
On the first nigro-hirsute (
Formosae) intersectional hybrid was registered in 1949, with the remaining 61 hybrids being registered through the next forty six years. Of these 62 hybrids, only seven have been with the "dearei complex" .
Of the thirty six species in the
Formosae section, twenty (20) have registered progeny. Nine (9) of these species have second generation progeny, five (5) have third generation progeny, two (2) have fourth generation progeny and two (2) have fifth generation progeny. To date, the remaining sixteen species have not been registered as having produced any progeny. Some of the lack of hybridizing activity can be explained by the fact some species are not in cultivation. Simply put, if the species is not available, it can not be used.
Of the 126 registered hybrids, only 21 progeny have been used in further hybridization efforts. Fourteen (14) of the twenty-one progeny were pure Formosae hybrids, while seven (7) were intersectional hybrids. If the "dearei complex " progeny are removed from the count, then ten (10) were pure and two (2) were intersectional progeny. Most of the 21 progeny were registered before 1987
To date, 105 hybrids have not been registered as having been used in further hybridization activities. Time to produce progeny, may be a factor, as 52 of these hybrids are relatively recent hybrids, having been registered in 1988 or later. Of these unused hybrids, 16 are "dearei complex" progeny, which apparently have a genetic incompatibility problem, with other Dendrobiums, including members of the Formosae complex. The reviewed literature does not contain many references to chromosome studies in the Formosae section. Studies in the 1970s, did concluded species of the "dearei complex" contained 2n=40, while other Nigro-hirsutae (now Formosae) species were 2n=38. This genetic incompatibility was discussed in my student judge paper in August of 1994., as an explanation of the low progeny number. Chromosonal size also was studied to some extent. There was noted a chromosone size variable among Formosae species, particularly formosum, draconis, and sanderae. This variable could also account for some of the 105 progeny not been used in further hybridizing efforts.
AWARDS
The American Orchid Society has recognized fifteen (15) of the 36 species and twenty (20) of the 126 progeny with a total of forty-seven (47) awards to the species and seventy-eight (78) awards to the progeny, during the period 1934 to 1997, there has been:
| Highly Commended Certificates |
47 |
| Certificates of Cultural Merit |
30 |
| Award of Merits |
29 |
| Certificates of Horticultural Merit |
7 |
| Certificate of Botanical Recognition |
2 |
| Certificate of Botanical Merit |
6 |
| Judge´s Commendation |
2 |
| Award of Distinction |
1 |
| Award of Quality |
1 |
The most awarded species is: Dendrobium trigonopus 8 AOS Awards
The most awarded progeny is: Dendrobium Dawn Maree 12 AOS Awards
The six grexes of
DendrobiumDawn Maree, Fire Coral, Lime Frost, Silver Bells, Snow Festival, and
Thomas Warne account for fifty-three (53) of the seventy-eight (78) awards given to
Formosae progeny. The first three are
Dendrobium cruentum grexes, while the second trio are
Dendrobium schuetzei grexes.
Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe - Hybrids and Awards
This miniature dendrobium was collected, by A. Henry, in the Yunnan province of China in 1898. Rolfe described the species in 1903, from plants sent to Kew Gardens in 1900. Den. bellatulum inhabits southwestern China, northern Burma, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
Dendrobium bellatulum has had a relatively short history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using Dendrobium bellatulum as a parent was in 1973. The latest registered progeny was in 1994. During this 21 year period , 13 hybrids have been registered with Dendrobium bellatulum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing, Dendrobium bellatulum has produced 10 first generation progeny, with four (4) being primary hybrids, eight (8) with other members of the Formosae section, and two ( 2 ) with non sectional dendrobiums. Dendrobium bellatulum appears in the background of three (3) second generation hybrids.
Dendrobium bellatulum and its progeny have received five (5) AOS awards. There has been one (1) flower quality awards, an AM, awarded to the species. In addition, the species has received one (1) CHM award. Its progeny have garnered one (1) flower quality awards , an AM, as well as two CCMs. All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae. No awards have been given to any Dendrobium bellatulum X non -Formosae progeny to date.
Additional data regarding Dendrobium bellatulum and its progeny can be found in the table below:.
=============================================================================================
Dendrobium bellatulum
´ Victoria´ CHM 1981
´ Catherine Soule´ AM 1983
Total AOS awards to Den bellatulum: 2
=============================================================================================
Generation ............... Cross ...................................... Hybrid ................... Year Registered
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den Isabel Sander = Den White Ibis 1973
´Stones River´ CCM 1981
1 Den bellatulum (pod) X Den formosum = Den Winter Dawn 1981
´Robert Leonti´ CCM 1995
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den Baby Doll = Den Baby Bella 1984
1 Den bellatulum (pod) X Den cruentum = Den Iki 1985
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den virgineum = Den Onkel Fritz 1989
1 Den bellatulum (pod) X Den scabrilingue = Den Twinkle Bells 1991
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den Hawaiian King = Den Angel´s Tears 1993
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den Dawn Maree = Den Bella Maree 1993
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den White Tower = Den Thai Charm 1993
1 Den bellatulum (pollen) X Den Formidible = Den Hot Stuff 1994
´Marilyn´ AM 1996
Progeny in first generation: 10
Primary hybrids: 4
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 8
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 2
Den. Phal. : 1
"hard" cane : 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 3 ==========================================================================
2 Den Thai Charm (pod) X Den Wunderbar´s Snow = Den Snow Fairy 1993
2 Den Thai Charm (pod) X Den Wunderbar´s Fire = Den Lucky Look 1994
2 Den White Ibis (pod) X Den cruentum = Den Glossy Ibis 1989
Progeny in second generation: 3
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 1
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 2
Den. Phal: 2
==============================================================================
Total registered progeny: 13
Dendrobium cariniferum Reichenbach f. - Hybrids and Awards
Another native of Thailand,
Dendrobium cariniferum has beautiful white to creamy yellow flowers, with reddish-orange throat. The side lobes are deep yellow. The species was described by H. G. Reichenbach in 1869.
Dendrobium cariniferum has had a short history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium cariniferum as a parent was in 1988 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1994. During this six (6) year period six (6) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium cariniferum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium cariniferum has produced four (4) first generation progeny, with two (2) being primary hybrids. Of the four (4) progeny, three (3) with other members of the
Formosae section, and one (1) non sectional dendrobiums.
Dendrobium cariniferum appears in the background of two (2) second generation hybrids. Both the second generation hybrids are with members of the
Dendrobium phalaenopsis section.
Dendrobium cariniferum and its progeny has received only one (1) AOS awards. There have been no flower quality award, given to the species. In addition, the species has received one CCM awards. Its progeny have garnered no AOS awards.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium cariniferum and its progeny can be found in the table below:
==============================================================================
Dendrobium cariniferum
´Barbara´ CCM 1987
==============================================================================
Generation.................. Cross................................Hybrid................................. Year Registered
1 Den cariniferum (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Wunderbar´s Queen 1988
1 Den cariniferum (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Candle Wax 1989
1 Den cariniferum (pollen) X Den Hawaiian King =
Den Pearl Dawson 1989
1 Den cariniferum (pollen) X Den Lim Hepa =
Den Memoria Shelley 1994
Progeny in first generation: 4
Primary hybrids: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 3
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 1
Den. Phal. : 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
======================================================================
2 Den Candle Wax (pollen) X Den Lim Hepa =
Den Thei Star 1992
2 Den Memoria Shelley (pod) X Den Merritt Island =
Den Doctor Charles 1994
Progeny in first generation: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 2
Den. Phal. : 2
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
======================================================================
Total registered progeny: 6
Dendrobium christyanum Wallich - Hybrids and Awards
Dendrobium christyanum has had a very short hybridization history. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium christyanum as a parent was in 1987 . The latest registered hybrid was also in 1987. During this one year period, two (2) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium christyanum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing, Dendrobium christyanum has produced two (2) primary hybrids, both with other members of the Formosae section. Dendrobium christyanum is exceedingly rare in cultivation, which may explain its lack of hybrization activity.
Dendrobium christyanum, or its progeny, have received no AOS awards.
More extensive data regarding Dendrobium christyanum and its progeny can be found in the table below:
==============================================================================
Den christyanum
==============================================================================
Generation ..................... Cross................................Hybrid.......................... Year Registered
1 Den christyanum (pod) X Den cruentum =
Den Wunderbar´s Baby 1987
1 Den christyanum (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Wunderbar´s Mouse 1987
Progeny in first generation: 2
Primary hybrids: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
==============================================================================
Total registered progeny: 2
Dendrobium cruentum Reichenbach f. - Hybrids and Awards
The flowers of
Dendrobium cruentum are long lasting and fragrant. The flowers are pale green to yellowish cream with blood red markings on the lip, throat and side lobes. The species can be found in Burma, Thailand, and the northern Malaysia peninsula.
Dendrobium cruentum has had lengthy history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using Dendrobium cruentum as a parent was in 1969 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1995. During this 26 year period thirty (30) hybrids were registered with Dendrobium cruentum as a parent or in the ancestral line. However, twenty nine (29) of the progeny were register between 1983 and 1995.
As of this writing, Dendrobium cruentum has produced twenty (20) first generation progeny , of which eleven (11) were primary hybrids. Of the twenty (20) hybrids, fifteen (15) were with other members of the Formosae section, and five (5) were with non-sectional dendrobiums. Dendrobium cruentum appears in the background of ten (10) second generation hybrids. Of the ten (10) second generation progeny, six (6) were with other members of the Formosae section, and four (4) were with non -sectional dendrobiums, primarily members of the Dendrobium phalaenopsis section.
Dendrobium cruentum, and its progeny, have received thirty-three (33) AOS awards. There has been one (1) flower quality award, an HCC, given to the species. In addition, the species has received a CBM award. Its progeny have garnered twenty-six (26) flower quality awards. There have been seventeen (17) HCCs, and nine (9) AMs, as well as five (5) CCMs. All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae. No awards have been given to Dendrobium cruentum X non-Formosae progeny to date. Den. Dawn Maree ( D. formosum X D. cruentum) has received the most recognition with twelve (12) awards.
More extensive data regarding Dendrobium cruentum and its progeny can be found in the table below:
==============================================================================
Den cruentum
Gleneyrie´ CBM 1972
´Temptation´ HCC 1986
Total AOS awards to Den. cruentum : 2
==============================================================================
Generation ............... Cross................................... Hybrid ................... Year Registered
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den Alison =
Den Salerno 1969
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Dawn Maree 1983
´Apperson´ HCC 1989
´Doris Dukes´ AM 1986
´G.J.W.´ AM 1988´
´H&R´ AM 1991
´Hihimanu´ AM 1987
´Lava Flow´ HCC 1986
´Lava Flow´ CCM 1993
´Old Mill´ AM, CCM 1993
´Paul´ HCC 1984
´Pilot Mountain´ HCC 1986
´Sonoma´ HCC 1991
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den bellatulum =
Den Iki 1985
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den Formidible =
Den Fire Coral 1987
´Eleanor´ HCC 1993
´Hihimanu´ HCC 1991
´H & R´ HCC, CCM 1996
´Jack Reavis´ HCC 1992
´Super Star´ AM, CCM 1993
´Valerie Chauvin´ HCC 1992
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den Hawaiian Spectacular =
Den Hawaiian Snow 1987
´Vi´ CCM 1988
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den margaritaceum =
Den Precious Pearl 1987
´H&R´ HCC, CCM 1993
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den christyanum =
Den Wunderbar´s Baby 1987
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den White Tower =
Den Wunderbar´s Pinky 1987
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den Dawn Maree =
Den Green Lantern 1988
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den Hubertine =
Den Wunderbar´s Fire 1988
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den virgineum =
Den Wunderbar´s Gem 1988
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den Lim Hepa =
Den Wunderbar´s Pale Face 1988
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den cariniferum =
Den Wunderbar´s Queen 1988
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den fuerstenbergianum =
Den Wunderbar´s Star 1988
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den White Ibis =
Den Glossy Ibis 1989
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den trigonopus =
Den Lemon Ice 1990
´Lena Lorine´ AM 1992
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den scabrilingue =
Den Lime Frost 1990
´Hoku´ HCC 1993
´Justin´ CCM 1993
´Misty Green´ AM 1993
´Orange Sherbet´ HCC 1992
´Pixie´ HCC 1993
´Starlit´ HCC 1993
´Sunshine´ HCC 1993
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den infundibulum =
Den Lori Tokunaga 1990
1 Den cruentum (pod) X Den draconis =
Den White Dawn 1991
1 Den cruentum (pollen) X Den White Fairy =
Den Lemon Sweet 1995
Progeny in first generation: 20
Primary hybrids: 11
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 28
Hybrids with other
Formosae members: 15
Hybrids with non
Formosae dendrobiums : 5
Den. phal. 4
"hard cane" dens. 1
=====================================================================================
2 Den Dawn Maree (pollen) X Den Alice Iwanaga =
Den Lori Hirayama 1989
´HIO´ HCC 1994
´Leanna´ HCC 1993
´Old Mill´ AM 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den Formidible =
Den Judith Nakayama 1990
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den bellatulum =
Den Bella Maree 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den infundibulum =
Den Hiroshi Tokunaga 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den scabrilingue =
Den Sweet Dawn 1993
2 Den White Dawn (pod) X Den formosum =
Den Thai Maree 1994
2 Den Wunderbar´s Fire (pod) X Den Wunderbar´s Snow =
Den New Generation 1993
2 Den Wunderbar´s Fire (pollen) X Den Thai Charm =
Den Lucky Look 1994
2 Den Wunderbar´s Pale Face (pod) X Den Wunderbar´s Snow =
Den Be Glad 1993
2 Den Wunderbar´s Pinky (pod) X Den Wunderbar´s Snow =
Den Na Rak 1991
Progeny in the second generation: 10
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 3
Hybrids with other
Formosae members: 6
Hybrids with non
Formosae dendrobiums: 4
Den. phal. 4
==============================================================================
Total registered progeny: 30
Dendrobium dearei Reichenbach f. - Hybrids and Awards
A crystalline white flower with a slight green flush in the throat. Plants are 60 to 90 cm. tall. A native of the Philippines, this species was described by H. G. Reichenbach in 1882, from plants collected by Col. Deare.
Dendrobium dearei has had a long, if not bountiful, history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using Dendrobium dearei as a parent was in 1934 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1994 . During this sixty (60) year period only nineteen (19) hybrids were registered with Dendrobium dearei as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing, Dendrobium dearei has produced ten (10) first generation progeny, with eight (8) being primary hybrids. Of the ten hybrids, six (6) were with other members of the Formosae section. Two (2) of the six (6) Formosae hybrids were with her Phillippine sisters. The remaining four (4) were with non sectional dendrobiums. Dendrobium dearei appears in the background of three second generation progeny, of which two (2) were pure Formosae, while one was with a non sectional dendrobium. In the third generation, Dendrobium dearei appears in the background of two (2) progeny, both of which are pure Formosae. In the fourth generation, Dendrobium dearei appears in the background of two (2) progeny, of which both are pure Formosae section. Dendrobium dearei appears in the background of two (2) fifth generation hybrids, both of which are pureFormosae Of all the pure second through fifth generation Formosae hybrids, Dendrobium dearei´s contribution was from the primary hybrid with her Phillippine sisters.
Dendrobium dearei has received three AOS awards. There has been one flower quality awards, an AM. In addition, the species has received a CCM and a JC award. All three awards are highly suspect as described in an earlier paper Its progeny have garnered four (4) flower quality awards, two (2)AM s, as well as two (2) CCMs. All awards have been given to progeny, which were 100% Formosae. No awards have been given to Dendrobium dearei X non-Formosae progeny to date.
More extensive data regarding Dendrobium dearei and its progeny can be found in the hybrid table section below:.
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Den dearei
´Casa Luna´ AM 1957
´Minniea´ CCM 1966
´Alejandra Grana´ JC 1993
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Generation ........................ Cross....................... Hybrid................................... Year registered
1 Den dearei (pod) X Den formosum =
Den Nelly Sander 1934
AM, 1937
1 Den dearei (pod) X Den sanderae =
Den Isabel Sander 1937
1 Den dearei (pod) X Den schuetzei =
Den Jane Warne 1944
1 Den dearei (pod) X Den draconis =
Den White Dove 1947
1 Den dearei (pollen) X Den superbum =
Den Emily Brant 1955
1 Den dearei (pollen) X Den infundibulum =
Den Thistledown 1957
1 Den dearei (pod) X Den pulchellum =
Den Moonstone 1969
1 Den dearei (pollen) X Den Majestic =
Den Haole Boy 1979
1 Den dearei (pollen) X Den Mary Trowse =
Den Singa Dear Mary 1993
1 Den dearei (pollen) X Den margaritaceum =
Den Kiwi Glow 1994
Progeny in first generation: 10
Primary hybrids: 8
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 6
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 4
Den. Phal. : 2
"hard" cane : 1
Anosmum group: 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 1
==============================================================================
2 Den Jane Warne (pod) X Den chrysotoxum =
Den Edith K Tamasu 1952
2 Den Isabel Sander (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Peter Smithers 1968
2 Den Isabel Sander (pod) X Den bellatulum =
Den White Ibis 1973
´Stone´s River´ CCM 1981
Progeny in second generation: 3
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 1
Anosum group : 1
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 1
======================================================================
3 Den Peter Smithers (pod) X Den infundibulum =
Den Hawaiian Spectacular 1979
´Mauna Kea´ AM 1983
3 Den White Ibis (pod) X Den cruentum =
Den Glossy Ibis 1989
Progeny in third generation: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to third generation progeny: 0
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4 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pod) X Den Formidible =
Den Hawaiian King 1983
4 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Hawaiian Snow 1987
´Vi´ CCM 1988
Progeny in first generation: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Total AOS awards to fourth generation progeny: 1
======================================================================
5 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den cariniferum =
Den Pearl Dawson 1989
5 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den bellatulum =
Den Angel´s Tears 1993
Progeny in fifth generation: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to fifth generation progeny: 0
==============================================================================
Total of registerd progeny: 19
Dendrobium draconis Reichenbach. f - Hybrids and Awards
Dendrobium draconis is a very common species in Burma and Thailand. The species was first collected by Rev. C. Parish. H. G. Reichenbach described the species, from a Parish plant in 1862.
Dendrobium draconis has had a long, if not bountiful, history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium draconis as a parent was in 1947. The latest registered hybrid was in 1996 . During this forty nine (49) year period only thirteen (13) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium draconis as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this date,
Dendrobium draconis has produced eleven (11) first generation hybrids, of which four (4) were primary hybrids. Five (5) progeny were with other members of the
Formosae section, and six (6) were with non -sectional dendrobiums, all members of the
Den. phalaenopsis section.
Dendrobium draconis appears in the background of two (2) second generation hybrids. These hybrids were with other members of the Formosae section.
Dendrobium draconis, and its progeny, have received six (6) AOS awards. There has been one (1) flower quality award, an AM, given to the species. In addition, the species has received three (3) CCMs, and one (1) CHM awards. One clone,
Dendrobium draconis ´
Clarence Cardwell´ received two successive CCMs ( 81 and 90) . Its progeny have not garnered any flower quality awards. An AD was given to
Den. Duke Bibus (
Den. draconis X Den.
De Hinchey ), which is the only AOS award to any
Dendrobium draconis progeny.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium draconis and its progeny can be found in the hybrid table section below:
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Den formosum
var. giganteum ´St. Lucie´ CCM 1970
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Generation.....................Cross....................................... Hybrid .......................................... Year Registered
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den lowii = Den Formoso-Lowii 1898
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den dearei = Den Nelly Sander 1934
AM, 1937
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den ovipositoriferum = Den John Nauen 1949
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den schuetzei = Den Sea Bird 1953
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den pulchellum = Den Franklin W Gamble 1957
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Lady Hamilton = Den Pacific Queen 1960
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Pompadour = Den Phon Cha-Nok 1960
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den New Guinea = Den New Fashion 1964
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Majestic = Den Avalanche 1966
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Formidible 1967
´Susan´ AM 1982
´Ugusu´ HCC 1993
´Yukiko´ HCC 1988
´Yukiko´ AM 1994
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den Isabel Sander = Den Peter Smithers 1968
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Lily Doo = Den La Trinite 1969
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Tengku Abdul Rahman = Den Aman 1969
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den chrysotoxum = Den Memoria Roseta Wehmuth 1970
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Snowdrift = Den Snow Queen 1971
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den superbiens = Den Memoria Professor Knudson 1973
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den draconis = Den China Lily 1974
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den phalaenopsis = Den Achara 1975
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Siamese Pretty = Den Kitiporn 1975
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Mermaid = Den Prapoothabat 1975
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Ong Geok Khim = Den Dunia Peh 1981
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den bellatulum = Den Winter Dawn 1981
´Robert Leonti´ CCM 1995
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den cruentum = Den Dawn Maree 1983
´Apperson´ HCC 1989
´Doris Dukes´ AM 1986
´G.J.W.´ AM 1988´
´H&R´ AM 1991
´Hihimanu´ AM 1987
´Lava Flow´ HCC 1986
´Lava Flow´ CCM 1993
´Old Mill´ AM, CCM 1993
´Paul´ HCC 1984
´Pilot Mountain´ HCC 1986
´Sonoma´ HCC 1991
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Impact = Den Aran Rose 1985
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den virgineum = Den Wunderbar´s Fairy 1987
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den christyanum = Den Wunderbar´s Mouse 1987
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Dewi Sri = Den Wunderbar´s Snow 1987
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den ellipsophyllum = Den Wunderbar´s Formosae 1988
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den cariniferum = Den Candle Wax 1989
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den scabrilingue = Den Thai Jasmine 1989
1 Den formosum (pod) X Den Dok Phak Bung = Den Supannikar 1991
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Lim Chong Min = Den Golamco´s Favorite 1992
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den margaritaceum = Den Fire and Snow 1994
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den White Dawn = Den Thai Maree 1994
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Queen Southeast = Den Queen of Brighton 1995
1 Den formosum (pollen) X Den Jiara White Tower = Den Sutiawati 1996
Progeny in first generation: 36
Primary hybrids: 18
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 15
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 21
Phalaenopsis group: 18
Anosum group: 1
"hard" cane : 2
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 17
===============================================================================================
2 Den Candle Wax (pollen) X Den Lim Hepa = Den Thai Star 1992
2 Den China Lily (pollen) X Den williamsonii = Den Willie Lily 1983
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den cruentum = Den Green Lantern 1988
2 Den Dawn Maree (pollen) X Den Alice Iwanaga = Den Lori Hirayama 1989
´HIO´ HCC 1994
´Leanna´ HCC 1993
´Old Mill´ AM 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den Formidible = Den Judith Nakayama 1990
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den Bella Maree 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Hiroshi Tokunaga 1993
2 Den Dawn Maree (pod) X Den scabrilingue = Den Sweet Dawn 1993
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Majestic = Den Super Snow 1980
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Hawaiian Spectacular = Den Hawaiian King 1983
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Midnight = Den Proud Appeal 1983
´Richella´ HCC 1993
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den New Guinea = Den Silver Streak 1983
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Fire Coral 1987
´Eleanor´ HCC 1993
´Hihimanu´ HCC 1991
´Jack Reavis´ HCC 1992
´Super Star´ AM, CCM 1993
´Valerie Chauvin´ HCC 1992
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Snow Jump 1988
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den convolutum = Den Proud Edition 1992
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Heikechen = Den Be Happy 1993
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den Hot Stuff 1994
´Marilyn´ AM 1995
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den Kinzweiler Pink = Den Living Beauty 1995
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den Pinky Sem = Den Song of Joy 1995
2 Den Peter Smithers (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Hawaiian Spectacular 1979
´Mauna Kea´ AM 1983
2 Den Wunderbar´s Snow (pollen) X Den Wunderbar´s Pinky = Den Na Rak 1991
2 Den Wunderbar´s Snow (pollen) X Den Thai Charm = Den Snow Fairy 1993
2 Den Wunderbar´s Snow (pollen) X Den Wunderbar´s Fire = Den New Generation 1993
2 Den Wunderbar´s Snow (pollen) X Den Wunderbar´s Pale Face = Den Be Glad 1993
Progeny in second generation: 24
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 12
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 12
Den. Phal. : 11
"hard" cane : 1
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 10
=====================================================================================
3 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den cariniferum = Den Pearl Dawson 1989
3 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den Angel´sTears 1993
3 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Hawaiian Snow 1987
´Vi´ CCM 1988
Progeny in third generation: 3
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 3
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 1
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 63
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum
Schlter - Hybrids and Awards
A native of Thailand,
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum has long lasting white flowers, up to 6 cm. in natural spread. The mid lobe of the lip is red. The species was described by Rudolf. Schlechter
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum has had a very short history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum as a parent was in 1988, which was also the latest registered hybrid. Only one (1) hybrid has been registered with
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum as a parent.
As of this date,
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum has produced one (1) primary hybrids, with another member of the Formosae section. .
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum, and its progeny, have received no AOS awards.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below:.
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Den fuerstenbergianum
=====================================================================================
Generation ................ ........ Cross ........................Hybrid.....................................................Year Registered
1 Den fuerstenbergianum (pod) X Den cruentum =
Den Wunderbar´s Star 1988
Progeny in first generation: 1
Primary hybrids: 1
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
======================================================================
Total registered hybrids: 1
Dendrobium infundibulum
Lindley - Hybrids and Awards
The mountains of Burma and Thailand are home to
Dendrobium infundibulum. Lindley described
Dendrobium infundibulum in 1859, from plants collected by Rev. C. Parish in Moulmein.
Dendrobium infundibulum has had a lenghty history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium infundibulum as a parent was in 1946. The latest registered hybrid was in 1995 . During this 49 year period, twenty-eight (28) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium infundibulum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of 1997,
Dendrobium infundibulum has produced fourteen (14) first generation progeny, with ten (10) being primary hybrids, eleven (11) were with other members of the
Formosae section, and three (3) were with non sectional dendrobiums.
Dendrobium infundibulum appears in the background of twelve (12) second generation hybrids. Five (5) second generation hybrids were with other members of the Formosae section, and seven (7) were with non sectional dendrobiums.
Dendrobium infundibulum appears in the ancestral line of two (2) third generation hybrids. Both third generation hybrids were with other members of the
Formosae section.
Dendrobium infundibulum, and progeny, have received 19 AOS awards. There has been one flower quality award, an AM, and a CCM awarded to the species. Its progeny have garnered 17 flower quality awards, 6 AMs and 10 HCCs, as well as one CCM. Fourteen (14) awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae. . Den. Fire Coral ( Den. formidible X Den. cruentum) has received eight (8) AOS awards most awarded
Dendrobium infundibulum progeny. One HCC award has been given to a
Dendrobium infundibulum X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium infundibulum and its progeny can be found in the hybrid and award section :
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Den infundibulum
´Helen´ AM 1978
´Michelle´ CCM 1994
===============================================================================================
Generation................. Cross..........................Hybrid......................Year Registered
1 Den infundibulum (pod) X Den sanderae =
Den Infunderae 1946
1 Den infundibulum (pod) X Den dearei =
Den Thistledown 1957
1 Den infundibulum (pod) X Den bigibbum =
Den Wyn Curley 1963
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Formidible 1967
´Susan´ AM 1982
´Ugusu´ HCC 1993
´Yukiko´ HCC 1988
´Yukiko´ AM 1994
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den Peter Smithers =
Den Hawaiian Spectacular 1979
´Mauna Kea´ AM 1983
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den engae =
Den Lady Murielle 1982
1 Den infundibulum (pod) X Den nobile =
Den Dragon Lady 1983
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den Snow Lady =
Den Bridal Bouquet 1988
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den williamsonii =
Den Orizuru 1988
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den Formidible =
Den Snow Jump 1988
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den scabrilingue =
Den Snow Lady 1988
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den Dawn Maree =
Den Hiroshi Tokunaga 1990
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Lori Tokunaga 1990
´HIO´ HCC 1994
´Leanna´ HCC 1993
´Old Mill´ AM 1993
1 Den infundibulum (pollen) X Den trigonopus =
Den Trijame 1992
Progeny in first generation: 14
Primary hybrids: 10
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 11
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 3
Den. nobile : 1
Den. Phal. : 1
"hard" cane : 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 8
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2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Majestic =
Den Super Snow 1980
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Hawaiian Spectacular =
Den Hawaiian King 1983
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Midnight =
Den Proud Appeal 1983
´Richella´ HCC 1993
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den New Guinea =
Den Silver Streak 1983
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Fire Coral 1987
´Eleanor´ HCC 1993
´Hihimanu´ HCC 1991
´Jack Reavis´ HCC 1992
´Super Star´ AM, CCM 1993
´Valerie Chauvin´ HCC 1992
2 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Hawaiian Snow 1987
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Dawn Maree =
Den Judith Nakayama 1990
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den convolutum =
Den Proud Edition 1992
2 Den Formidible (pollen) X Den Heikechen =
Den Be Happy 1993
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den bellatulum =
Den Hot Stuff 1994
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den Kinzweiler Pink =
Den Living Beauty 1995
2 Den Formidible (pod) X Den Pinky Sem =
Den Song of Joy 1995
Progeny in second generation: 12
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 5
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 7
Den. Phal. : 7
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 7
======================================================================
3 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den cariniferum =
Den Pearl Dawson 1989
3 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den bellatulum =
Den Angel´s Tears 1993
Progeny in third generation: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to third generation progeny: 0
======================================================================
Total registered progeny: 28
Dendrobium lowi
i Lindley - Hybrids and Awards
Rich yellow fragrant flowers, with orange-red lip, on 25-40 cm tall plants. The species was described, in 1861, by Lindley. Hugh Low discovered the plant in North Borneo in 1861.
Dendrobium lowii has had a long, ancient, if not bountiful, history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium lowii as a parent was in 1856. This registration was five years before
Dendrobium lowii was described. The last registered hybrid was in 1898. During this 42 year period only two (2) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium lowii as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing, Dendrobium lowii has produced two first generation progeny, both of which are primary hybrids. Both grexes were with other members of the Formosae section.
Dendrobium lowii has received four (4) AOS awards. There has been one (1) flower quality awards , an AM, and the species has received a CBM, a CHM and a CCM. The AM and CBM were awarded, in 1965, to a plant which bears no resemblance to published description of Den. lowii. No awards have been given to Dendrobium lowii progeny to date.
Some additional data regarding Dendrobium lowii and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below
==============================================================================================
Den lowii
´Livio´ CHM 1984
´Magnifico´ CCM 1989
Var. giganteum ´York´ AM and CBM 1965
===============================================================================================
Generation..................... Cross ..................... Hybrid ................................. Year registered
1 Den lowii (pod) X Den sculptum =
Den Radians 1856
1 Den lowii (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Formoso-Lowii 1898
Progeny in first generation: 2
Primary hybrids: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny : 2
Dendrobium margaritaceum Finet - Hybrids and Awards
A small plant with large flowers for its size. It inhabits the higher elevations in northern Thailand and Vietnam. Vernet first collected this species in Haute-Donai in Annam. A. Finet described the species in 1903 from Vernet´s plants.
Dendrobium margaritaceum has had a brief, but recent, hybridization history. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium margaritaceum as a parent was in 1987 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1994. During this seven (7) year period four (4) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium margaritaceum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium margaritaceum has produced four (4) first generation progeny, with all being primary hybrids. Of the four (4) hybrids, all were with other members of the
Formosae section, and none were with non sectional dendrobiums.
Dendrobium margaritaceum, and progeny, have received seven (7) AOS awards. There has been two (2) flower quality awards, AMs, to the species. In addition, the species has received a CBM, CHM, and a CCM award. Its progeny have garnered one (1) flower quality awards, a HCC, as well as a CCM. All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae..
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium margaritaceum and its progeny can be found in the hybrid and award section below.
===============================================================================================
Den margaritaceum
´Cherry Lips´ AM 1994
´Karen Miles´ CHM 1984
´Merry Bells´ AM, CCM 1986
´Tony´ CBM 1976
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den margaritaceum (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Precious Pearl 1987
´H & R´ HCC, CCM 1993
1 Den margaritaceum (pod) X Den draconis = Den Margariconis 1988
1 Den margaritaceum (pod) X Den dearei = Den Kiwi Glow 1994
1 Den margaritaceum (pod) X Den formosum = Den Fire and Snow 1994
Progeny in first generation: 4
Primary hybrids: 4
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 4
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 1
======================================================================
Total registered progeny: 4
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum J.J. Smith - Hybrids and Awards
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum has had a short history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum as a parent was in 1949, and so was the last. Only one hybrids has been registered with
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum as a parent .
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum has produced only one first generation progeny, which is a primary hybrid. Of the single hybrid, the other parent was another member of the Formosae section.
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum, or its progeny, has not received any AOS awards.
Additional data regarding
Dendrobium ovipositoriferum and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below
===============================================================================================
Den ovipositoriferum
===============================================================================================
Generation Cross Hybrid Year Registered
1 Den ovipositoriferum (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den John Nauen 1949
Progeny in first generation: 1
Primary hybrids: 1
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 1
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 1
Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe - Hybrids and Awards
A native of The Philippines,
Dendrobium sanderae is an attractive crystalline white flower, with red or purple striations at the base of the lip. Flowers up to 7 cm. in natural spread. The first plants were collected by employees of Sander and Sons. From these plants, Rolfe described the species in 1909.
Dendrobium sanderae likewise has had a long, if not bountiful, history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium sanderae as a parent was in 1937. The latest registered hybrid was in 1993. During this fifty-six (56) year period only twenty (20) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium sanderae as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium sanderae has produced six (6) first generation progeny, with four (4) being primary hybrids. Of the six hybrids, five (5) were with other members of the Formosae section, and one (1) was with non sectional dendrobiums.
Dendrobium sanderae appears in the background of eight (8) second generation, of which five (5) were with other members of the Formosae section, while three (3) were with non sectional dendrobiums. In the third generation,
Dendrobium sanderae appears in the background of two (2) progeny, of which both were with other members of the
Formosae section. In the fourth generation,
Dendrobium sanderae appears in the background of two (2) progeny, of which both were with other members of the
Formosae section.
Dendrobium sanderae appears in the background of two (2) progeny, of which both were with other members of the
Formosae section, in its fifth generation hybrids.
Dendrobium sanderae, and its progeny, have received thirty (30) AOS awards. There have been no flower quality awards to the species. However, the species has received two (2) CBM and a CCM awards. The two CBMs were awarded to varietal forms of the species. Its progeny have garnered eighteen (18) flower quality awards, as well as seven (7) CCMs, an AQ, and a JC . All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae. Of Dendrobium sanderae progeny, Den. Snow Festival has received the most awards, with eight (8) AOS awards. Close behind at seven awards is Den. Silver Bells. No awards have been given to
Dendrobium sanderae X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium sanderae and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below:
===============================================================================================
Den sanderae
´Marie Luisa´ CCM 1979
var. major ´Betty´ CBM 1976
var. parviflorum ´Aragorn´ CBM 1978
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den sanderae (pollen) X Den dearei = Den Isabel Sander 1937
1 Den sanderae (pollen) X Den infundibulum = Den Infunderae 1946
1 Den sanderae (pod) X Den schuetzei = Den Thomas Warne 1948
´Baycliff´ AM 1984
´Glen Spa´ CCM 1972
1 Den sanderae (pollen) X Den nobile = Den Snow White 1949
1 Den sanderae (pollen) X Den Thomas Warne = Den Alice Iwanaga 1967
´Gene´ HCC 1976
´Happiness´ HCC, CCM 1985
´Judy´ HCC 1981
1 Den sanderae (pollen) X Den Alice Iwanaga = Den Snow Festival 1987
´Elizabeth´ HCC 1992
´Islander Delight´ HCC 1989
´Lea´ CCM 1991
´Mauna Kea´ HCC 1991
´Mauna Loa´ HCC 1991
´Meadowrue´ AM 1991
´Monte Vista´ AM 1991
´Woodland´ CCM 1996
Progeny in first generation: 6
Primary hybrids: 4
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 5
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 1
Den. nobile group: 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 13 ===============================================================================================
2 Den Snow White (pollen) X Den Thwaitesiae = Den Thaw 1962
2 Den Thomas Warne (pod) X Den draconis = Den White Star 1963
2 Den Isabel Sander (pollen) X Den formosum = Den Peter Smithers 1968
2 Den Thomas Warne (pod) X Den aggregatum = Den Curious 1970
2 Den Isabel Sander (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den White Ibis 1973
´Stone´s River´ CCM 1981
2 Den Thomas Warne (pollen) X Den Snowdrift = Den Milton 1977
2 Den Alice Iwanaga (pollen) X Den schuetzei = Den Silver Bells 1988
AQ 1989
´Bing Crosby´ JC 1996
´Laina´ HCC 1989
´Lea´ HCC 1990
´Sha-Sha´ HCC 1989
´Sugar´ CCM 1994
´Tiko´ HCC 1990
2 Den Alice Iwanaga (pod) X Den Dawn Maree = Den Lori Hirayama 1989
´HIO´ HCC 1994
´Leanna´ HCC 1993
´Old Mill´ AM 1993
Progeny in second generation: 8
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 5
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 3
Den. Phal. : 1
"hard" cane : 1
The Anosmum group: 1
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 11 :======================================================================
3 Den Peter Smithers (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Hawaiian Spectacular 1979
´Mauna Kea´ AM 1983
3 Den White Ibis (pod) X Den cruentum = Den Glossy Ibis 1989
Progeny in third generation: 2
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to third generation progeny: 1
===============================================================================================
4 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pod) X Den Formidible = Den Hawaiian King 1983
4 Den Hawaiian Spectacular (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Hawaiian Snow 1987
´Vi´ CCM 1988
Progeny in fourth generation: 2
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 2
Total AOS awards to fourth generation progeny: 1
===============================================================================================
5 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den cariniferum = Den Pearl Dawson 1989
5 Den Hawaiian King (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den Angel´sTears 1993
Progeny in fifth generation: 2
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 2
Total AOS awards to fifth generation progeny: 0
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 20
Dendrobium scabrilingue Lindley - Hybrids and Awards
Endemic to Burma and Thailand,
Dendrobium scabrilingue is very fragrant species, which is ivory-white, with red on side lobes of lip. The lip has a yellow center. T. Lobb collected plants in Burma and so did Rev. C. Parish in 1858. Lindley described the species in 1859, from plants from these two collections.
Dendrobium scabrilingue has had a brief history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium scabrilingue as a parent was in 1985 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1993. During this eight year period seven hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium scabrilingue as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium scabrilingue has produced six (6) first generation progeny, with five (5) being primary hybrids. Of the six hybrids, five (5) were with other members of the
Formosae section, and one (1) was with non sectional dendrobium.
Dendrobium scabrilingue appears in the background of one (1) second generation hybrid, with another member of the Formosae section .
Dendrobium scabrilingue has not received any AOS awards. One of its progeny has garnered six flower quality awards ( 5 HCCs and 1 AM), as well as one (1) CCM.
Den. Lime Frost has received the most recognition with seven (7) awards.
All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100%
Formosae. No awards have been given to
Dendrobium scabrilingue X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium scabrilingue and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below:
===============================================================================================
Den scabrilingue
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den scabrilingue (pollen) X Den moniliforme =
Den Pixie Aya 1985
1 Den scabrilingue (pod) X Den infundibulum =
Den Snow Lady 1988
1 Den scabrilingue (pollen) X Den formosum =
Den Thai Jasmine 1989
1 Den scabrilingue (pollen) X Den cruentum =
Den Lime Frost 1990
´Hoku´ HCC 1993
´Justin´ CCM 1993
´Misty Green´ AM 1993
´Orange Sherbet´ HCC 1992
´Pixie´ HCC 1993
´Starlit´ HCC 1993
´Sunshine´ HCC 1993
1 Den scabrilingue (pollen) X Den bellatulum =
Den Twinkle Bells 1991
1 Den scabrilingue (pollen) X Den Dawn Maree =
Den Sweet Dawn 1993
Progeny in first generation: 6
Primary hybrids: 5
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 5
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 1
"hard" cane : 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 7
===============================================================================================
2 Den Snow Lady (pod) X Den infundibulum =
Den Bridal Bouquet 1988
Progeny in second generation: 1
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 1
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny:
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 7
Dendrobium schuetzei Rolfe - Hybrids and Awards
The third
Formosae dendrobium from The Philippines.
Dendrobium schuetzei has fragrant snow white flowers, aith a small green disk, tinged with purple, on the lip. Flowers are up to 9.5 cm in natural spread.
Similiarly,
Dendrobium schuetzei has had a long, if not bountiful, history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium schuetzei as a parent was in 1944. The latest registered hybrid was in 1989. During this forty-five (45) year period only eleven (11) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium schuetzei as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium schuetzei has produced four (4) first generation progeny, with three (3) being primary hybrids. Of the four hybrids, all were with other members of the
Formosae section .
Dendrobium schuetzei appears in the background of five (5) second generation, of which two (2) were with other members of the
Formosae section, while three (3) were with non sectional dendrobiums. In the third generation,
Dendrobium schuetzei appears in the background of two (2) progeny, of which both were with other members of the
Formosae section.
Dendrobium schuetzei, and its progeny, have received thirty-three (33) AOS awards. There have been no awards to the species. Its progeny have garnered twenty-three (23) flower quality awards, as well as five (8) CCMs, an AQ and a JC. All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100%
Formosae. No awards have been given to
Dendrobium schuetzei X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium schuetzei and its progeny can be found in the hybrid table below :
===============================================================================================
Den schuetzei
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den schuetzei (pollen) X Den dearei =
Den Jane Warne 1944
1 Den schuetzei (pollen) X Den sanderae =
Den Thomas Warne 1948
´Baycliff´ AM 1984
´Glen Spa´ CCM 1972
3 CCMs, 4 HCCs, 2 AMs
1 Den schuetzei (pod) X Den formosum =
Den Sea Bird 1953
1 Den schuetzei (pod) X Den Alice Iwanaga =
Den Silver Bells 1988
AQ 1989
´Bing Crosby´ JC 1996
´Laina´ HCC 1989
´Lea´ HCC 1990
´Sha-Sha´ HCC 1989
´Sugar´ CCM 1994
´Tiko´ HCC 1990
Progeny in first generation: 4
Primary hybrids: 3
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 4
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 0
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 9 ===============================================================================================
2 Den Jane Warne (pod) X Den chrysotoxum =
Den Edith K Tamasu 1952
2 Den Thomas Warne (pollen) X Den Snowdrift =
Den Milton 1977
2 Den Thomas Warne (pod) X Den aggregatum =
Den Curious 1970
2 Den Thomas Warne (pod) X Den draconis =
Den White Star 1963
2 Den Thomas Warne (pod) X Den sanderae =
Den Alice Iwanaga 1967
´Gene´ HCC 1976
´Happiness´ HCC, CCM 1985
´Judy´ HCC 1981
Progeny in second generation: 5
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 3
Den. Phal. : 1
The Anosmum group: 1
The Farmeri group: 1
Total AOS awards to second generation progeny: 4
===============================================================================================
3 Den Alice Iwanaga (pod) X Den sanderae =
Den Snow Festival 1987
´Elizabeth´ HCC 1992
´Islander Delight´ HCC 1989
´Lea´ CCM 1991
´Mauna Kea´ HCC 1991
´Mauna Loa´ HCC 1991
´Meadowrue´ AM 1991
´Monte Vista´ AM 1991
´Woodland´ CCM 1996
3 Den Alice Iwanaga (pod) X Den Dawn Maree =
Den Lori Hirayama 1989
´HIO´ HCC 1994
´Leanna´ HCC 1993
´Old Mill´ AM 1993
Progeny in third generation: 2
Hybrids with members of
Formosae section: 2
Total AOS awards to third generation progeny: 11 ======================================================================
Total registered progeny: 11
Dendrobium sculptum Reichenbach f. - Hybrids and Awards
Endemic to Borneo,
Dendrobium sculptum was described in 1867 by H. G. Reichenbach. The flowers are crystalline white, with a yellow throat.
Dendrobium sculptum has had a short, but ancient history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium sculptum as a parent was in 1856, and so was the last. Only one hybrid has been registered with Dendrobium sculptum as a parent .
Dendrobium sculptum has produced only one first generation progeny, which is a primary hybrid. Of the single hybrid, the other parent was another member of the Formosae section.
Dendrobium sculptum , or its progeny, has not received any AOS awards.
Additional data regarding
Dendrobium sculptum and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below .
============================================================================================
Den sculptum
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den sculptum (pollen) X Den lowii = Den Radians 1856
Progeny in first generation: 1
Primary hybrids: 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
Hybrids with other Formosae members: 1
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 1
Dendrobium trigonopus Reichenbach f. - Hybrids and Awards
Golden-yellow flowers, up to 5 cm. in natural spread, with transverse red lines on each side of the lip. The lip is green in the center. H. Low´s collectors found plants of
Dendrobium trigonopus in Burma. From these plants H. G. Reichenbach described the species in 1887. The habitat of
Dendrobium trigonopus is Burma, southwest China, Laos and Thailand.
Dendrobium trigonopus has a recent, but brief history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium trigonopus as a parent was in 1988. The latest registered hybrid was in 1992. During this four year period four hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium trigonopus as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium trigonopus has produced four (4) first generation progeny, with all four (4) being primary hybrids. Of the four hybrids, three (3) were with other members of the Formosae section, and one was with a non sectional dendrobium.
Dendrobium trigonopus has received nine (9) AOS awards. There has been five (5) flower quality awards, 3 HCCs and 2 AMs. In addition, the species has received three CCMs awards and a CBM. Its progeny have garnered only one (1) flower quality awards, an AM. All awards have been given to progeny , which were 100% Formosae. No awards have been given to
Dendrobium trigonopus X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
Additional data regarding
Dendrobium trigonopus and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below:
===============================================================================================
Den trigonopus
´Diana´ CBM 1965
´Oxford´ HCC 1981
´Devine´ HCC 1982
´Judd Bloch´ CCM 1982
´Gundlach´ AM 1984
´New Mexico´ HCC 1986
´Oak Island´ AM 1986
´Sharon´ CCM 1987
´Fishing Creek´ CCM 1992
Total AOS awards to Den trigonopus: 8
===============================================================================================
Generation................ Cross ..................... Hybrid ...........................Year registered
1 Den trigonopus (pollen) X Den williamsonii = Den Lemon Dance 1988
1 Den trigonopus (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Lemon Ice 1990
´Lena Lorine´ AM 1992
1 Den trigonopus (pod) X Den senile = Den Gomangoku 1992
1 Den trigonopus (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Trijame 1992
Progeny in first generation: 4
Primary hybrids: 4
Hybrids with members of Formosae section: 3
Hybrids with members of other Dendrobium sections: 1
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 1
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 4
===============================================================================================
Dendrobium virgineum Reichenbach f.- Hybrids and Awards
This ivory-white flower, with red/orange throat is a native of India. The species was described by H. G. Reichenbach in 1880.
Dendrobium virgineum has a recent, but brief history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium virgineum as a parent was in 1987. The latest registered hybrid was in 1989. During this two year period four hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium virgineum as a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium virgineum has produced four (4) first generation progeny, with all three (3) being primary hybrids. Of the four hybrids, three (3) were with other members of the
Formosae section, and one was with a non sectional dendrobium.
Dendrobium virgineum has received two (2) AOS awards. The species has received a CBR and a CHM award. No awards have been given to progeny. No awards have been given to
Dendrobium virgineum X non-
Formosae progeny to date.
Additional data regarding
Dendrobium virgineum and its progeny can be found in the awards and hybrid section below:
===============================================================================================
Den virgineum
´Redland´ CBR 1986
´Druken Sailor´ CHM 1990
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den virgineum (pod) X Den formosum = Den Wunderbar´s Fairy 1987
1 Den virgineum (pollen) X Den Kinzweiler Pink = Den Wunderbar´s Charm 1988
1 Den virgineum (pollen) X Den cruentum = Den Wunderbar´s Gem 1988
1 Den virgineum (pod) X Den bellatulum = Den Onkel Fritz 1989
Progeny in first generation: 4
Primary hybrids: 3
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
Hybrids with other Formosae members: 3
Hybrids with non Formosae dendrobiums : 1
===============================================================================================
Total registered progeny: 4
Dendrobium williamsonii Day & Rchb. f - Hybrids and Awards
The flowers of
Dendrobium williamsonii are very fragrant,waxy, and long lasting. The flowers are ivory-white to cream yellow. The lip is blood-red central spot. A native to India, Burma, and Thailand,
Dendrobium williamsonii was described in 1869 by John Day and H. G. Reichenbach. The description was based on plants collected by W. J. Williamson in Assam in 1868.
Dendrobium williamsonii , so far, has had brief history of hybridization. The first registered hybrid using
Dendrobium williamsonii as a parent was in 1983 . The latest registered hybrid was in 1988. During this 5 year period three (3) hybrids were registered with
Dendrobium williamsoniias a parent or in the ancestral line.
As of this writing,
Dendrobium williamsonii has produced three first generation progeny , all of which were primary hybrids. All were with other members of the
Formosae section.
Dendrobium williamsonii has received one AOS award, a CHM in 1982. There have been no awards to its progeny. .
More extensive data regarding
Dendrobium williamsonii and its progeny can be found in the hybrid section below:
=====================================================================================
Den williamsonii
´Decker´s Delight´ CHM 1982
===============================================================================================
Generation...............Cross........................ Hybrid........................................... Year Registered
1 Den williamsonii (pod) X Den China Lily = Den Willie Lily 1983
1 Den williamsonii (pod) X Den infundibulum = Den Orizuru 1988
1 Den williamsonii (pod) X Den trigonopus = Den Lemon Dance 1988
Progeny in first generation: 3
Primary hybrids: 2
Total AOS awards to first generation progeny: 0
Hybrids with other Formosae members: 3
======================================================================
Total registered progeny: 3
Other members of the Section
Formosae, which have not been
used in hybridizing as of the research date:
Species........ Description Date...... Author .............Country of Origin
Dendrobium bostrychodes 1880 Reichenbach f Borneo
Dendrobium erythropogon 1885 Reichenbach f Borneo
Dendrobium hallieri 1912 J. J. Smith Borneo
Dendrobium longicornu 1828 Lindley India
Dendrobium galactanthum 1915 Schlechter Thailand
Dendrobium multilineatum 1933 Kerr Laos
Dendrobium ochraceum 1906 De Wild Viet Nam
Dendrobium parthenium 1885 Reichenbach f Borneo
"Anne´ CHM 1986
Dendrobium radians 1867 Reichenbach f Borneo
Dendrobium sanderianum 1894 Rolfe Borneo
Dendrobium singkawangense 1934 J.J. Smith Borneo
Dendrobium spectatissimum 1877 Reichenbach f. Borneo
Dendrobium sutepensis 1925 Rolfe Thailand
"Charlotte´ CHM 1990
"Lit´l Nell´ CBR 1991
Dendrobium takahashii 1934 J.J. Smith Borneo
Dendrobium wattii 1882 Reichenbach f. India
Dendrobium xanthophelebium 1856 Lindley Burma
CONCLUSION
What does the future hold for the
Formosae section? Probably the best predictor of the future of
Formosae hybrids is a statement made by the foremost
Formosae hybridizer, Roy S. Tokunaga, of H & R Nurseries. Mr. Tokunaga´s wrote, in the AOS Bulletin, Vol. 59 #9, The future is starting to get exciting with the introduction of tetraploid clones of
Den. Dawn Maree and
Den. Formidible. We can now look forward to uniform hybrids with tremendous substance and texture. With hundreds of combinations yet to be made and a lifetime to pursue it, orchids remain everlasting. In addition, introducing
Formosae warmth tolerance into the cooler growing Den. nobile group opens an new line of breeding, which will make the multicolored, and multiflowered available to the hobbyists in warmer areas. I think we have just started to see the first examples of a long line of fast growing, free-blooming, and temperature tolerant
Formosae hybrids.
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